Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Life habit: lichenized, lichenicolous or not Thallus: squamulose squamules: up to 5 mm diam., adjacent or sometimes forming a ± continuous crust, rounded or irregularly lobed, weakly convex to bullate upper surface: reddish brown or olivaceous brown to dark brown, epruinose, dull or shiny, smooth or with shallow fissures, lacking pores and pseudocyphellae upper cortex: up to 100 µm high, lacking calcium oxalate margin: concolorous with upper surface Apothecia: up to 1.5 mm diam., remaining ± plane and marginate or plane and marginate when young, later convex and immarginate, epruinose or faintly pruinose; exciple: dark reddish brown in the rim, paler in inner part; hypothecium: pale brown to colorless; epithecium: reddish brown (K+ red, N-) asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: narrowly ellipsoid to acicular, 1-7 (9) septate, 12-42 x 3-4.5 µm Pycnidia: laminal, immersed conidia: filiform Spot tests: all negative Secondary metabolites: none detected. Host: cyanolichens Substrate and ecology: on soil and rock in open habitats and woodlands, up to 2470 m World distribution: widely distributed in temperate western North America, rare in western Europe, Greenland, and Tadzhikistan Sonoran distribution: rather common in Arizona, California, Baja California, Baja California Sur and Chihuahua. Notes: Two subspecies were recognized by Timdal (1991), one widely distributed and one restricted to coastal California and Baja California. Intermediate specimens occur in the area of overlap.
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
upper surface: dark olivaceous brown Squamules: up to 3 mm diam., adjacent or forming a ± continuous crust, weakly to moderately convex ascospores: bacilliform to acicular, 3- to 7 (-9) septate, 20-42 x 3-4 µm. Host: cyanolichens Substrate and ecology: on soil and rock, mainly among mosses or in rock fissures, in open habitats and woodlands, up to 2470 m World distribution: see species Sonoran distribution: rather common in Arizona, California, Baja California and Baja California Sur.