Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Thallus: crustose, continuous, rarely ±cracked surface: white, cream-colored or pale yellow, smooth to uneven, dull or slightly shiny, without soralia and isidia Apothecia: ±raised from the thallus, lirellate lirellae: oblong, branched and flexuous, 1-4 x 0.3-0.5 mm disc: mostly narrow and not visible, rarely ±open, dark brown margin: excipular lips well developed and distinctly crenate and striate (often with whitish stripes), only young ascocarps (or young parts of the lirellae) may have entire labia; thalline margin: absent or poorly developed exciple: carbonized except the excipular base below the hymenium; excipular lips: convergent, carbonized and distinctly striate, without thalline cover epihymenium: brown, 5-10 µm high hymenium: hyaline, not inspersed, 100-120 µm tall; paraphyses: 1.5-2.5 µm thick, with brown, rarely branched tips; subhymenium: hyaline, 20-50 µm thick asci: clavate, 90-130 x 20-30 µm, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline (pale brown, ±degenerated spores are sometimes present in the hymenium as well), thick-walled, transversely septate, 10-13-locular, spore locules often not lenticular as in most other Graphis-species but ±cylindrical to rounded, 40-70 x 10-17 µm, I+ dark violet Pycnidia and conidia: not found Spot tests: cortex and medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC-, P+ orange Secondary metabolites: norstictic and connorstictic acids. Substrate and ecology: on bark, one collection on Cupressus cones World distribution: pantropical, but also in oceanic regions of western Europe Sonoran distribution: not yet found but expected due to occurrence in coastal central California and further south.